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History—Courses

Please note that not every course listed is offered each year and that students should consult the following sources for current course offerings:

  • Web Advisor – Online for students provides students the ability to search for specific classes.
  • Registrar Services provides a printable list of all course offerings for each term.
  • Please see the Department’s web pages for courses being offered in 2011-2012.
  • The University Calendar lists courses that will be taught at some point over the next three years. We have to rotate the courses on a 3-year cycle, so some courses are offered yearly but others come up only every 2 or 3 years. Email the relevant instructor if you know there is a course that interests you and you would like an idea of when it might be offered next.
  • If you would like more information about a specific course you see in WebAdvisor, email the instructor directly with your questions.

CONTACTS

For general advice on choosing History courses, please contact Dr. Brad Cross, Majors Advisor: bcross@stu.ca or Dr. Julia Torrie, Department Chair: jtorrie@stu.ca.

If you are interested in applying for History Honours or learning more about the Honours program, please contact Dr. Carey Watt, Honours Advisor: cwatt@stu.ca.

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

1. World

HIST-1006. World History
This course provides an overview of world history, from earliest times to the present. Major themes include human relationships with the environment, cultural exchanges between peoples, and the interconnectedness of the human experience.

HIST-2023. World History: 20th Century to World War II
This course will provide students with an overview of the history of the 20th century up until the conclusion of the Second World War. Major events and themes include the two world wars; the Russian revolution; imperialism and nationalism in Asia, Africa and Latin America; the emergence of the United States as the world's pre-eminent power; and struggles for political participation by workers and women.

HIST-2053. World History Since the Second World War
This course examines developments in world history since the Second World War, such as the emergence of the Cold War, decolonization, the growth of American power and struggles for human rights. It also explores the consequences of urbanization, demographic growth, technological change, and environmental degradation.

HIST-2103. The Material World: History Through Things
This course examines themes in world history through the use and study of material objects. Histories of everyday materials and objects allow us to examine diverse issues such as the environment, history, technology, and culture. In general, historians have relied primarily on text-based sources and this course will explore the role and use of material objects in doing history. We will examine theoretical approaches to material history as well as survey the historical literature of this branch of study.

HIST-2553. History of the Islamic World to the Ottoman Empire
This course provides a basic introduction to Islamic societies in their formative centuries. We will explore how the Muslim umma first emerged, developed and ultimately established itself as a unifying yet far from monolithic ideal, linking different peoples across the globe. Our focus will be on comprehension of historical experiences and relations between peoples rather than on detailed analysis of religious beliefs.

HIST-3383. Slavery in World History, 1500 - Present
This course is designed to provide a comprehensive and comparative overview of slavery in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas from 1500 to the present. Upon completion of the course, students should have an understanding of the important events in world slave systems, the changes in the practice of historical forms of slavery, the similarities and differences between different slave systems, and an understanding of the historical background of modern-day slavery.

HIST-3393. Gender and Empire
This course explores the place of gender in the construction and preservation of empires through such topics as constructions of difference, motherhood and domesticity; civilizing missions and tourism; and contestations of power. This course operates from the premise that empires are never static: subjects in different imperial contexts, in various cases, resisted, thwarted, or reconfirmed colonial regimes.

HIST-3403. Water and World History
This course examines the significance of water to human history, beginning with early agricultural societies and the development of hydraulic empires in Africa and Asia. It explores how humans have sought to manage water for agriculture, urban consumption, industry, and other purposes, and it considers the social, cultural, political, and environmental consequences of these developments. It gives particular attention to the extraordinary developments of the 20th century and the significance they hold for environmental change, human welfare, and international conflict. Prerequisite: HIST 1006 or permission of the Instructor.

HIST-3413. Citizens and Citizenship in World History
This course will explore concepts, practices and themes related to citizenship and nationalism on a selective global scale since c. 1780. The majority of the course will focus on the period from 1780 to 1940, though classes in the latter part of the course will examine conceptions of citizenship since c. 1940. Themes to be explored include citizenship and: the tension between duties and rights; the struggle for recognition and rights; the regulation of new social classes and groups; attempts to control the exuberance of youth; the body and physical health; gender and citizenship; race, ethnicity and ?otherness?; nationalism and imperialism; human rights; and the ?rights revolution?.

HIST-3423. Agriculture in World History
This course examines the significance of agriculture to world history from the early domestication of crops and animals to the present. It explores the different locales in which agriculture emerged, and the impact of agriculture on human lifestyles and on the environment over time. As well, it considers the growth of human reliance on a relatively narrow array of foodstuffs and the consequences of the application of industrial techniques to the production of food. Prerequisite: HIST 1006 or permission of the Instructor.

HIST-3503. Social Movements That Have Changed the Modern World
This course examines social movements of the post World War II period, such as struggles of national liberation, movements against racism, militarism, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the emergence of a youth counter-culture, struggles for women's rights, indigenous people's rights, grassroots democracy, on behalf of the poor and disempowered, in defence of the environment, and against neo-liberal globalization. The course considers the historical roots of various movements as well as the context of their emergence, their scope, the continuities and discontinuities among them, and their impact on today's world.

HIST-3563. History of Western Feminism
This course will examine the development of feminism and movements for women's rights and/or liberation in western countries from the 19th century to the present. The course will compare feminism in the United States with movements in Canada, Britain, and western continental Europe, and will question why feminism has taken on different characteristics in different nations and regions, and among different races and classes. Students who have taken HIST 3566 are excluded from this course.

HIST-3763. Modern Sport in World History
This discussion-based course explores the global impact of modern sport from c.1850 to the present. It focuses upon the diffusion of sports such as soccer, cricket, and baseball and the manner in which such sports were resisted or appropriated by communities throughtout the world. The course examines the political, social, and cultural significance of modern sport rather than the intricate details of individual athletes or teams. Prerequisite: At least 9 credit hours in History courses at STU or permission of the instructor.

HIST-3783. Film and History
Explores the relationship between film and history, paying close attention to film as an historical artifact and film as a means of historical interpretation. In studying films produced primarily in North America, Latin America, and Europe, students in this course will be asked to develop a vocabulary of film, and to try to analyse the meaning and significance of film, both as artifact and interpretation. Writing will require that students make their own arguments about how we should understand the complicated relationship between visual media and history.

HIST-3863. Modern Tourism in World History
This discussion-based course examines the global impact of tourism from c.1850 to the present. Sample topics include imperalism and travel narratives, the age of the Grand Tour, the development of a tourism infrastructure (roads, advertising initiatives, travel agencies), the rise of theme parks such as Disneyland, and ecotourism. Our chief concern will be to contextualize and evaluate the positive and negative effects (economic, cultural, social, environmental, etc.) that the tourism industry has had on a variety of local communities throughout the world. Prerequisite: At least 9 credit hours in History courses at STU or permission of the instructor.

HIST-3943. Genocide in Twentieth-Century History
The twentieth century remains the most violent period in history. Its global ramifications not withstanding, genocide research continues to focus on the experience of particular nations and nationalities. By juxtaposing and examining such disjointed narratives across continents, this course hopes to bolster a critical understanding of what is no doubt the crudest aspect of human nature.

HIST-3953. Portrayals of Jihad and Crusade: History, Memory and Film
This course considers the diverse ways in which modern global audiences have come to understand histories of religious violence. Our focus will be on academic and popular interpretations of so-called jihad or crusade conflicts from the Middle Ages to the present. Print, electronic and film sources will be examined, reflecting a wide range of often conflicting viewpoints as they have evolved over time.

HIST-3983. Topics in World History
This course will examine specific topics in world history. The topics will change from year to year. For information regarding course content students should contact the Chair of the History Department. 3ch. Prerequisite: At least 9ch in History courses at STU or permission of the instructor.

HIST-4106. Research Seminar in Material History
This research seminar course examines the practices and products of doing history through things in a comparative and global perspective. Until recently, historians have relied heavily on written documents for evidence, and this course challenges that approach. This course will consider some of the methods used to write history using physical things, as well as the varied literature produced by the study of material culture. Participants will produce a historical research paper based on significant use of material objects.

HIST-4116. The World at War
This year-long seminar examines the two world wars of the twentieth century. Students will explore various causes, aspects and outcomes of these conflicts through readings about home fronts and war fronts across the world. They will also do independent research and write a major paper based on a topic related to the course material. At least one previous course on the history of the twentieth century is strongly recommended.

HIST-4123. Seminar in Global History
This course will examine specific themes in global history. The topics will change from year to year, but might include issues such as the role of cities in history, the rise and fall of peasantries, patterns of migration, the emergence of global institutions, cultural and material exchanges, and the possibilities of global environmental history.

HIST-4126. Topics in Global History
This course will examine specific themes in global history. The topics will change from year to year, but might include issues such as the role of cities in history, the rise and fall of peasantries, patterns of migration, the emergence of global institutions, cultural and material exchanges, and the possibilities of a global environmental history.

HIST-4136. Historians and World History
This seminar course examines the writing of world history. It considers the growth of the field, some of the main scholars who have written world histories, and the conceptualizations which have informed their writing. Prerequisite: HIST 1006.

HIST-4336. Historicizing Disability
This seminar course treats disability as a historical subject. It explores questions such as what it means to be disabled in various times and places, how people with disability lived their lives, how society at large conceptualized differences in physical ability and mental capacity, when and how disability intersected with other identity constructs, and the roles myth and religion played in all this.

HIST-4826. Popular Culture and Postcolonial Legacies in Canada, Australia and New Zealand
This seminar discussion course examines the tensions at play in Canada, Australia and New Zealand in the post-World War II era as these settler societies attempted to navigate the awkward cultural tensions that arose in light of the demise of the British Empire. Through a comparative approach we will examine the ways in which expressions of national identity were manufactured and contested as competing interests sought to redefine membership in these national communities. Prerequisite: Permission of the Instructor. 6ch.

HIST-4946. Genocide in World History
Focusing on twentieth- century World History, this course will examine and compare various wars of genocide across several continents. In doing so, the course will investigate the immediate and long-term factors behind group hate and violence, with particular attention to cultural, religious, and socio-political factors, as well as to institutional and non-institutional actors.

2. Regions (Africa)

HIST-2113. War and Famine in the Horn of Africa
This is a course on the history of Northeast Africa, with a focus on Ethiopia, the most populous country in the region. Northeastern Africa, commonly known as the Horn of Africa, consists of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan. Designed with history and non-history majors in mind, the course will explore major landmark events in the history of this region from antiquity to the present.

HIST-2136. Introduction to African History
This course introduces students to the dynamics of African history and cultures, while challenging pervasive stereotypes and misperceptions about Africa. The class is designed to appeal to history and non-history majors alike.

HIST-3193. Northeast Africa Since the 19th Century
Northeastern Africa, commonly known as the Horn of Africa, consists of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan. As the most populous country in the region, Ethiopia will provide the natural focal point for the course. Designed with history and non-history majors in mind, the course will focus on the history of the various twentieth-century socio-political crises in the Horn: famine, civil war, secession, irredentism, genocide, etc. Lecture and discussion will dominate class format.

HIST-3453. Africa Since 1945
This is a course that addresses historical and political developments in Africa since 1945. Topics to be covered include nationalism, decolonization, Cold War, neo-colonialism, militarism, civil war, underdevelopment, environmental crises, and human resilience. Format: lecture and class discussion.

3. Regions (Oceans)

HIST-3153. The Sahara World
This course is designed to introduce students to the main events and themes that unite the societies and cultures of the Sahara, North Africa, and the Sudan/Sahel, from the earliest times to the present with a particular focus on the 15th-19th centuries. The African continent has been central to the development of world history (the Americas, Europe, Middle East, and beyond) and for much of that time, the Sahara has been a key crossroads of trade and intellectual exchange. Key themes to be addressed include trade, intellectual thought, the environment, political change, religion, gender, and colonialism. We will also explore how Saharan societies have affected both European and sub-Saharan African societies and were themselves impacted with this contact.

HIST-3203. The British Atlantic World (1500-1800)
This course explores the social, political, and economic parameters of the Atlantic World from roughly 1500 to 1800. The course centres on the British experience of the Atlantic through a comparative and trans-national approach. Particular attention will be drawn to the role of Atlantic Canada and its connection to the larger Atlantic World.

4. Regions (The Americas)

HIST-2613. Latin America: Colonial Period
This course surveys three centuries of Latin American history from first contacts between the Spanish and Native American civilizations to Latin American revolutions for Independence. Major themes include various types of relations between the founding peoples and the development of colonial social, political, economic, and religious institutions.

HIST-2623. Latin America: Modern Period
This course surveys the history of Latin America from post-Independence to the recent past. Major themes include the struggles of early nationhood, modernization, imperialism, twentieth-century social change, and social revolutions.

HIST-3613. Gender and Power in Latin American History
Why did the Cuban revolution set out to create a 'new man'? How did Eva Perón become the world's most powerful first lady? Why have women led most human rights movements in Latin America? These are some of the questions to be explored in this course which examines historical relationships between men and women and ideas about masculinity and femininity in Latin America.

HIST-3773. Urban North America
Addresses developments within and among North American cities and explores changes in the conception of cities in North American thought and culture. We will study the lives of urban dwellers and chart shifts in the way people organized their lives in cities. Major themes for this course include the changing physical structure and form of cities over time, processes of urbanization and suburbanization, city planing and reform movements, the economics of cities, urban institutions, urban populations, and city politics. We will ask does the border make a difference? in our investigation of Urban North America.

HIST-4606. Twentieth-Century Latin America (Honours Seminar)
A study of political and social developments in Latin American republics during this century. Topics to be discussed will include the social revolutions and political leaders of this part of the Third World.

5. Regions (Asia)

HIST-2173. Modern Asia
This course surveys the history of Asia from c. 1500 to the present, though it may focus on one part of Asia (East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, etc.) more than another. It examines the richness and complexity of Asian societies and Asian engagement in the making of the modern world.

HIST-4146. Gandhi/Sm
This seminar course focuses on Mohandas K. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948). Gandhi was an important figure in the history of modern India and South Asia, but he was also a significant global or world history figure who lived in India, Britain and South Africa. Moreover, Gandhi drew on ideas from around the world, and since about 1920 movements and ideas associated with Gandhi have had considerable global influence. Studying Gandhi's life and legend will allow the class to investigate themes of nationalism, colonialism and imperialism in India and the British empire, but it is also possible to look at topics such as Gandhi's connections to global peace networks, social movements, environmental movements and the American civil rights movement.

6. Regions (Europe)

HIST-2033. Early Modern Europe
This course provides an introduction to early modern European history from the end of the so-called Middle Ages to the era of the French Revolution (more or less the 15th to the 18th centuries). Students will study social, cultural, political, economic and other developments in order to better understand how societies we recognize today evolved from the rather different world of the late Middle Ages. The course traces themes and topics such as religious belief, absolutist politics, interactions between majorities and minorities, the changing status of women, and Europe's place in an increasingly global setting.

HIST-2043. Modern Europe
An introduction to modern European civilization from the era of the French Revolution to the twentieth century. The course follows History 2033 chronologically but has no prerequisite. All sections require written assignments and emphasize acceptable methods of historical research and writing.

HIST-2206. History of the Middle Ages
A survey of the imagined historical period between the fall of the classical Roman/Persian Empires and the emergence of an early modern state system. This course will range widely in its coverage, including glimpses of experience in parts of Africa and Asia as well as Europe. Special emphasis will be placed on social history and the use of primary sources to probe beyond simplified political narratives.

HIST-3223. The Medieval Church
This course deals with the history of the Church from the time of Gregory the Great in the sixth century to the end of the fifteenth century. For the most part we will deal with the Western Church, although there will be some treatment of the relations that existed with the East. The theme that will run throughout the course is that of the interaction between the Church and the society of this period. Among the topics that will be covered will be the Merovingian and Carolingian Church and the role of such leaders as Charlemagne, the Gregorian Reform Movement and the clash with the Emperor, the development and contribution to medieval society, the emergence of the pilgrimage and the crusade, the religious unrest of the later Middle Ages, and the growth of the medieval papacy.

HIST-3263. European Social Policy in Comparative Perspective
This course traces the development of social policy in Europe since the end of the 19th century and examines how governments became involved not only in assuring citizens' defense and freedom, but also their overall well being.

HIST-3343. Europe Since 1945
An analysis of Europe from the close of World War II to the collapse of the communist bloc. The course will focus on Europe's recovery, its role in the Cold War, the evolving and competing power blocs, and the end of the European schism.

HIST-3433. Eighteenth Century Europe At Play
This course examines the social history of leisure in Europe during the long eighteenth century (c. 1680-1820). With the rise of global trade in luxury goods, a new era of prosperity and wealth coincided with a richly-supplied market in beautiful non-essentials. This course will trace the social and cultural changes that went hand in glove with the entertainment fashions of the eighteenth century, and the encoded priorities and ideals of the people who enjoyed them.

HIST-4206. Topics in Medieval History
This advanced seminar deals with important aspects of social, religious, intellectual and institutional history in the so-called Middle Ages. Specific topics will change from year to year but generally focus on relationships between the different sorts of medieval communities. The seminar is intended for students with some background in pre-modern history, philosophy and/or theological traditions, whether Christian, Muslim, or Jewish.

7. State, Nation, and Locality (The Americas)

HIST-2733. United States: Colonial Settlement to Civil War
An introductory survey that explores and examines some major developments in what becomes the United States, from early European colonization up to the Civil War of the mid-19th century. Major issues include relations with Native peoples, slavery, the African-American experience, revolution and independence, economic development, political and intellectual traditions, and social change.

HIST-2743. United States: Reconstruction to 21st Century
The continuation of the introductory survey HIST 2733. This course explores and examines some major developments in the United States, from the conclusion of the Civil War up to the present. Major issues include the legacy of the end of slavery in the United States, the expanded economic and military role of the US in the world, the emergence of transforming social movements, the changing role of the state, and American popular culture.

HIST-2913. Historical Roots of Contemporary Canada
This course examines the historical roots of many of the key issues in contemporary Canadian society. In addition to providing students with a narrative framework of Canadian history since the mid-19th century, the course will emphasize the historical dimensions of many of the most controversial issues facing Canada today, such as Quebec separatism, Aboriginal Land Claims, Western Alienation, Canada-US relations, etc. Students who have taken HIST 2806 (1806) or HIST 2823 (1823) are excluded from this course.

HIST-3043. US Women's History
This course will explore the history of American women from colonization through to the end of the 20th century, with particular emphasis on the 19th and 20th centuries. Major themes will include: race, ethnicity, and class; women and work (paid and unpaid); women and politicis (both before and after suffrage in 1920); cultural assumptions about women's proper roles and their portrayal in popular culture; and women's activism.

HIST-3443. Canadian Youth and Universities in Comparative Perspective
This course will explore the changing nature of student culture within the culture of the university. It will use student culture as a lens to examine social and cultural developments in Canada from the late 19th century on. And it will place these changes within a broader comparative perspective while focusing on such topics as residence life, counterculture and student protest, gender relations and sexuality. Prerequisite: HIST 2913 or permission of the instructor.

HIST-3743. United States Since 1945
This course examines the changing place in the world of the United States, the superpower of the 20th century, and analyses its character as a society. The course surveys political, social, and cultural trends from the role of the US in the 1940s as a military and economic colossus to its decline in the present postmodern, post-industrial world. It deals with such topics as the Cold War, Civil Rights, Vietnam, women's liberation, suburban life, consumerism, the corporations and unions, popular culture, the 1960s counter culture, and the Internet. Prerequisite: 3 credit hours in history.

HIST-3873. Immigrants in Canada 1870 to Present
This course examines the position of immigrants in Canadian society from the arrival of the railway workers after Confederation to the present. The conditions that led immigrants to leave their homeland and the economic and social policies that led to their arrival in Canada will be considered, as well as the nature of immigrant communities and their contribution and adaptation to Canada.

HIST-3883. Women and Gender in Modern Canada
This discussion-based course examines gender and women?s history in Canada from c.1850 to c.1980. It addresses traditional historical topics in the field (industrialization, the Great Depression, World War Two, etc.) as well as emerging topics such as sport, consumerism, and student culture. Our approach will be both chronological and thematic. Prerequisite: HIST 2913 or permission of the instructor.

HIST-3893. Quebec Since the Conquest
This course focuses on the distinctive characteristics of French Canadian society and its relationship with the rest of British North America. Topics include interpretations of the Conquest, rebellion and the use of British parliamentary institutions, control of industry, nationalism,church and state relations, the role of women, attitudes to minorities, art and literature, experiences in the Depression and World Wars,separatism and the background to current political and social problems.

HIST-3903. Acadians in the Maritimes
This course covers the history of Acadians, the francophones in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, from their first arrival to the present. It considers their past in the light of world views on genocide and minority rights, their relations with francophones and anglophones in Canada, Europe and the United States and the differing interpretations of their history as viewed in the context of these relationships.

HIST-3963. Modernity and the Rise of Consumerism in Canada, 1880-1980
This course offers a thematic examination of the impact of modernity and consumerism on 20th century Canada. Through a combination of lectures and seminars the course examines topics such as honeymoons, films, university student initiations, tourism, and advertising campaigns in order to explore and evaluate the impact of capitalism and consumerism on Canadian life. Prerequisite: HIST 2806 (1806) or HIST 2913 or HIST 2823 (1823).

HIST-3973. Canadian North: Image and Reality Since the First World War
This course focuses on the period since the First World War and examines the development of Native Nations in the area, the interaction between them and non-Native Canadians, and the economic and political significance of northern development. No prerequisite, but an introductory course in Canadian History Since Confederation or a course in recent Canadian history will be useful.

8. State, Nation, and Locality (Asia)

HIST-2183. History of Modern India
The course explores the history of the Indian subcontinent from c. 1500 onward. It considers the Mughals, the 18th-century successor states, British colonialism, Indian nationalism and postcolonial India to the present day.

HIST-3113. Modern and Revolutionary China
This is a survey of the final century of dynastic rule in China, and the rise to power of the Nationalist and Communist parties, examining social and cultural developments, the impact of Western imperialism, and the evolution of revolutionary ideologies, up to Mao's death. Prerequisite: HIST 2173 or HIST 1006 or permission of the instructor.

HIST-3163. Gandhi, India and the World, c. 1850 to Present
Mohandas K.Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) is a towering figure in the history of India, but he is curiously global too. He lived on three continents, his ideas and practices combined influences and experiences that he gathered from different parts of the world via global networks, and his impact has long extended beyond the subcontinent's borders. Studying Gandhi's life and legend will allow the class to investigate themes relating to nationalism, colonialism, pacifism, non-violence, 'alternative modernity' and other topics or issues. The course will also explore Gandhi's fascinating legacy in postcolonial India and around the globe. Prerequisites: HIST 1006-World History, HIST 2183-History of Modern India, or permission of the instructor.

HIST-4196. People's History of Korea
This seminar proposes an in-depth study of the modern history of Korea from the perspective of its least acknowledged, yet determinant, agent: the people. It examines major social movements which shaped Korean history and democratisation, e.g. the college student and labour movements. It also addresses Korea's geopolitical predicament from the viewpoint of some of its victims, such as the Korean sex slaves under Japanese colonial rule and Korea's political and economic prisoners of the Cold War. Prerequisite: HIST 2173 or HIST 1006 or permission of the instructor.

9. State, Nation, and Locality (Europe)

HIST-3273. Russian Civilization
An historical investigation of the foundation upon which the civilization of modern Russia stands. Present-day Russian civilization is complex and many-branched. We shall examine its roots by focusing on several key issues from the time of Russia as a Tatar colony to the present day.

HIST-3303. France
This course examines the visual arts (painting, sculpture, architecture) of nineteenth-century France. It will focus on the historical, political, social, technological and artistic context in which French culture developed in the aftermath of the French Revolution. Four major themes will be addressed: Art as a political and social tool, Industrialisation, Art as a mirror of modern life, and Art and nature. Students who have taken HIST 2253 are excluded from this course.

HIST-3363. Germany: 1871-1945
Twice within a generation Germany was the central participant in a world war. Why? In this course Germany's domestic (economic, social, cultural, political) developments and her external relations will be examined.

HIST-3373. The Germanies Since 1945
The defeat of Nazi Germany and the falling out of the victors led to the enforced division of Germany. By 1949, two separate German states: 1) the Germany Democratic Republic and 2) the Federal Republic of Germany, had come into existence. This course examines the story of Germany in the second half of the twentieth century.

10. Special

HIST-2003. Exploring History: Critical Approaches to Historical Methods and Theories
This mandatory course for History Majors and Honours students provides an introduction to the discipline of History. The course examines a variety of historiographical and methodological approaches to History, as well as the history of History. It encourages students to re-examine their assumptions about History, but it will also help students develop their basic historical research and writing skills. Exploring History provides a foundation for upper-year History courses and students are strongly encouraged to take it before their third year. Prerequisite: At least 6 credit hours in History courses at St. Thomas University.

HIST-3553. The History Workshop
The Workshop provides students with the opportunity to enhance their skills of historical analysis, writing and oral communication through close engagement with an important historical ?event? or issue. The Workshop is recommended for students planning to take 4000-level seminars, as well as students considering an application to graduate programmes or professional schools. Please consult the History Department Handbook, Chair or web page for upcoming Workshop topics. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

HIST-4006. History Honours Thesis
The History Honours thesis is a scholarly essay or research paper. The topic of the thesis is determined by the student in consultation with a faculty committee. The committee is composed of the Thesis Supervisor (or supervisors) and another faculty member, normally from the History Department, who acts as the Second Reader.

HIST-4906. Independent Study
With the approval of the Department, students (normally Honours candidates) may undertake one full-year course of independent study as an alternative to an Honours seminar. Such a course would be undertaken under the direction of a member of the history Department and must result in at least one scholarly paper. Application to take an independent study course must be made to the Director of Honours. The application must include a written proposal indicating the reason for doing an independent study, as well as a description of the specific area of interest, a statement of research topic, and a preliminary bibliography.

HIST-4996. Independent Study - Work Option
With the approval of the Department, students (normally Honours candidates) may undertake one full-year course of independent study as an alternative to an Honours seminar. Such a course would be undertaken under the direction of a member of the history Department and must result in at least one scholarly paper. Application to take an independent study course must be made to the Director of Honours. The application must include a written proposal indicating the reason for doing an independent study, as well as a description of the specific area of interest, a statement of research topic, and a preliminary bibliography.